The raphe nuclei are a group of nuclei (clusters of neurons) located in the brainstem, playing a pivotal role in the regulation of mood, emotion, and sleep. These nuclei are most renowned for their extensive production of serotonin, a key neurotransmitter involved in numerous physiological processes including mood stabilization, appetite regulation, and circadian rhythm management. The serotonin released by the raphe nuclei influences various brain regions, impacting everything from emotional responses to motor skills. Additionally, the raphe nuclei are integral in the modulation of pain and have been a focal point in studies of depression and anxiety disorders
