Ionotropic receptors, also known as ligand-gated ion channels, are proteins found in cell membranes that rapidly respond to specific chemical signals, namely neurotransmitters. These receptors are like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but they act more directly and swiftly. When a neurotransmitter binds to an ionotropic receptor, it immediately triggers the opening or closing of an ion channel within the receptor, leading to a quick change in the cell’s electrical state. This rapid action is crucial for fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system, enabling quick communication between neurons. Ionotropic receptors play key roles in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and muscle contraction.
