Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from five-carbon isoprene units assembled in thousands of ways. They’re found in all classes of living things and are known for their aromatic qualities, which is why they’re often used in perfumes and spices.
To understand terpenoids, think of them as the unique “scented wardrobe” of a plant. Just as we use different perfumes or colognes to create a unique scent, plants produce terpenoids to create their own unique aroma. But these compounds do more than just smell good. They also play a crucial role in the plant’s survival, helping to attract pollinators, repel pests, and protect the plant from environmental stress.
For example, in the context of Ginkgo Biloba, the terpenoids (like ginkgolides and bilobalides) are like the plant’s personal bodyguards, protecting the plant and, when consumed, offering protective benefits to our brain and nervous system.